Understanding Coal
What is Coal?
Coal is a naturally occurring fossil fuel formed from ancient plant matter subjected to heat and pressure over millions of years. It remains one of India's most important energy resources and is extensively used across power generation, cement manufacturing, paper mills, ethanol plants, steel industries and industrial boilers.
Types of Coal
🔥 Non-Coking Coal
Primarily used for power generation and industrial heating. This is the category most commonly traded by Nature Reserves. Grading is based on Gross Calorific Value (GCV).
⚙️ Coking Coal
Used in steel manufacturing and blast furnaces. Grading is primarily based on ash content.
🏭 Semi-Coking Coal
Used in sponge iron and blending applications. Grading depends on ash plus moisture content.
Major Coal Producing States
Jharkhand
Odisha
Chhattisgarh
West Bengal
Madhya Pradesh
Telangana
Non-Coking Coal Grades
Non-coking coal is graded according to Gross Calorific Value (GCV).
| Grade | GCV Range (kcal/kg) |
|---|---|
| G1 | Exceeding 7000 |
| G2 | 6700 – 7000 |
| G3 | 6400 – 6700 |
| G4 | 6100 – 6400 |
| G5 | 5800 – 6100 |
| G6 | 5500 – 5800 |
| G7 | 5200 – 5500 |
| G8 | 4900 – 5200 |
| G9 | 4600 – 4900 |
| G10 | 4300 – 4600 |
| G11 | 4000 – 4300 |
| G12 | 3700 – 4000 |
| G13 | 3400 – 3700 |
| G14 | 3100 – 3400 |
| G15 | 2800 – 3100 |
| G16 | 2500 – 2800 |
| G17 | 2200 – 2500 |
Key Coal Quality Parameters
🔥 GCV
Higher GCV means more heat energy and better efficiency.
⚫ Ash
Represents non-combustible residue left after burning.
💧 Moisture
Excess moisture reduces effective heating value.
⚙️ Fixed Carbon
Determines fuel quality and combustion characteristics.
Industries Using Non-Coking Coal
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